People have the ability to rationally believe that the theory and practice of appropriate specifications, based on these norms, ideology and action system is created, the society be rebuilt. constantly being challenged with critical theory, especially Horkheimer and Adorno's But in modern society, the reason has become a new myth, has become a kind of supremacy, the Almighty God, to become a new form of domination. Referring to Kant, Foucault's free use of reason and his critical relationship between the three, said: Criticism is the protection of human use of reason rather than from any authority when is necessary, The role is to determine under what conditions the use of reason is legitimate to conclude that people can understand,UGGs, it should be allowed to do and expect things. It is improper use of reason, coupled with imagination to produce a dogma doctrine and discipline. On the contrary, it is used when the rational due to its clearly defined principles, the rational self can be guaranteed. Diary of a pivotal reason; the other hand, indicates that the critical age of Enlightenment. of questioning.
First of all, legalization is how to determine, the answer is determined by virtue of reason. Determine the reason for the legalization of other things, but can not itself determine the legal. In other words, legalization is a rational reason to rely on their own to determine, demonstrate their own reason, they will be caught in a vicious circle, a vicious circle. Secondly, the reason can not solve all the problems, such as faith issues, aesthetic issues, problems, and so instinctively, from this point Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Freud until it has been fully demonstrated before. We hope that reason can solve all the problems, have blindly superstitious reason can solve all problems, but in fact rational use is limited. Freud's theory of why there is such a big influence in the reverberation of the 20th century without a break, it is the key point is his grasp of the problem; Marcuse For Freud's theory and the combination of Marxist theory, but also came. His Again, the reason is not a monolithic self-evident, is not no doubt about the integrity of unity. Heraclitus in ancient Greece, there's can be called rational, which actually is the reason we should accept and adheres to it? The problem of the 20th century by Weber's assertion that unlimited expansion of instrumental rationality, which obscures the value of the rational results. Therefore, the rational use of critical theory must be combined to give it legitimacy, to ensure its normal, reasonable, and is the local use. In other words, the real legitimate reason, is a critical wisdom.
such questioning of reason, not only in theoretical discussion, in the literary creation can also understand. From Tuo Dostoevsky's kinds of distress after thinking, indecision, and not as a natural person, failing to make a normal reaction sick people. 20th century literature and criticism of reason to instinct rebels rational, has become a common phenomenon, Eliot driven by the desire, instinct having sex, mind after the idea was finally over only one thing, like bin. Do not ask their names, age, occupation, status, maybe they were just two strangers, there is no such feelings, let alone love, and just an instinctive need, however, the need for this instinct in front of norms and attitude of any rational reason will be shattered. If these literary works to show just a critique of rational attitude Zhiyi, that the limited rationality of human nature with its abnormal development of harm, then after the mid-20th century literature, has become essentially a rational A negative value was a full denial.
Beckett's Vladimir and 爱斯特拉冈 pen, every word they say and do every thing is rational, the content of their conversation is also involved in a rational - the religion, culture, hope, rescue and so on. However, the content of these only allow them to reason in this field of small roadside bored, because they are waiting for What is Godot? When will he come? What will he not come? No one knows, deep down they just have a look, Godot one to be saved. Such a mystery, as if the same thing as the Messiah, is the reason we can not grasp in any case, so in front of them, five years to develop the wisdom of human reason, it becomes useless, and use this rational people armed with wisdom, it left the bored and idle. In Donald Barthelme's In addition to the video works outside of fragmented, with many chipped in,UGG boots clearance, covering the many fashionable topic of the moment,UGG shoes, but also related to the history of the various cultural issues and the serious and the Brothers Grimm's Snow White-related things, but in the face of this so-called modern city Snow White, and her mediocre life, which are completely meaningless and become a pile of cliches accumulation. Including Snow White by the Brothers Grimm in the inherited character and ideals, its Prince Charming's expectations, on the one hand because of the lack of real heroes pointless without the other, because the vulgar life of Snow White, I was subversion and digestion, so a traditional ideals become a reality in the good pile of junk words only. This is the reason in the fate of post-modern literature.
subversion and post-modern to the second important aspect of digestion is the enlightenment and the grand narrative of modernity. Lyotard defines the postmodern proposed: a simple narrative that element of doubt is all the post-modern. He believes that, in any era has some of the leading narrative, which is called a grand narrative, also known as a metanarrative. In modern society, there are three basic element dominant narrative, that narrative element of scientific knowledge, thinking, narrative identity element, per person narrative of liberation. Lyotard on the analysis of the contemporary state of knowledge, the three metanarrative that there is a crisis; flatten the depth of Jameson's model, from the center to the edge, and the main fragmentation, loss of sense of history and modern times since Descartes is also the reason for the Self established, and gradually unlimited expansion of the grand narrative. He wants to level the depth of the model include: the appearance of dialectics and the nature of the points; Freud's awareness of shallow and deep to the other; existential authenticity and non-authenticity to the other; linguistics and semiotics to refer to and referred to in points. 〔3〕 in the postmodern context, the grand narrative in general has been questioned, and diverse, rich, various micro-narratives by people increasingly shut. From philosophy, history, the culture, politics, the prevalence of a kind of shift from the macro-micro sight sight, the concept of system to a living world, changes the value from the logocentric Coexistence trend.
in this question among the concept of truth has changed. Foucault's discourse theory tells us that there is no universal truth, there is only expressed in different words, at different times, different circumstances and different contexts of words only. Derrida's deconstruction theory, but also for people learning to use the concept, category, words to conduct a thorough re-cleaning. So, after the modern consciousness is the concept of subversion and digestion, is discourse, is the formation of capitalist ideology hegemonic discourse of Grand Unification, and people accustomed to the stereotypes, and social traditions of the people of Western humanism and humanistic care is still the core of it spirit. Thus, post-modern consciousness is produced in the Western tradition on the basis of all is the use of all of the cultural traditions of Western heritage to the legalization of torture modernity. Only in the establishment in all the traditional basis, only the depth of human spirit, to discover the shortcomings of modernity in order to survive from the people starting with the specific situation, rather than starting from the concept to completely break the shackles of the modern discourse In an unprecedented critique of the depth and breadth.
Steven Connor said: , intangible things, things that are not entirely narrative. corresponding, freely accepted as a non-poetic language of poetry forms such as letters, magazines, conversations, anecdotes and news reports. , but should apply to all forms of literature, when the grand narrative has already been abandoned, the literature is that the rest of the things loose and casual, Ginsberg in the elite of our generation destroyed! Then he set out to experience breathless extreme examples to illustrate the modern city youth day carnival in the meaningless life, and how depleted their energy, emotions and even their lives. This destruction is not just an elite ideology, but have such a sense of grand narrative, a kind of idealism and the ultimate concern of people. By scholars in recent years, the so-called noisy hubbub of everyday life aesthetic tendency,bailey UGG boots, it is also when the grand narrative is subversive and after digestion, people return to the daily necessities of daily life performance. As well as in art form, people concerned about the paradox, irony, fracture, etc., after digestion is a grand narrative language of the Carnival. Just look at written Ihab Hassan and post-modern literature modernism literature comparison of 33, relative to the purpose of the game, random relative to the set, confusion relative to the hierarchy and so on, not difficult to understand in the post in the grand narrative of modern literary fate.
digestion and post-modern sense also subvert the modern subject. According to Foucault's view, the main production, the key is the modern discipline of human agency. trivial knowledge, concept of humanism was born individuals, and their psychology, body, personality, consciousness, and the requirements of humanity. A building only, but also through the power of knowledge, the formation of the complex operation of the construction of a discourse, and he believes that with the disintegration of modern knowledge, as an entity, complete unity of the subject has died, and this is his the death of people thinking. Jameson after the demise of the so-called fragmentation of the main tendency of the prevalence of self-Hassan said the phenomenon of paradox, Baudrillard said, the illusion of a full simulation of the world, are present in the traditional philosophy means that a complete and unified The main body has ceased to exist among the post-modern context, the subject has become pieces.
fact, the main development of digestion is down along three lines, one along the body's concern Nietzsche evolved into modern man as there is no soul, no rational dead, Thus only a physical presence, they did not mention what the main body of the; the second is the development of critical theory comes along, especially of the Enlightenment and modernity, that human society has been extremely contemporary alienation, or become the One-Dimensional Man, or as people who materialized, the subject turned into a pile of debris; The third is development of the theory along the lines of discourse comes from the language games and the angle of construction of discourse, the modern subject is nothing more than a discourse construction only, and this construction, the people believe that the only values of truth and unity of time, subject to be treated as an entity exists, and once to the unique values of truth and unity has gone bankrupt, especially those in the a past era has been regarded as a model of the concept of principles, in the present context has become a cliche among many, so it seems has become the main product of some kind of cliche.
20 Century Modernist literature has been very concerned about the Should the people ask me, dare, can make the problem of people. This is manifested not only the meaning of life with the torture of others, but also lost his own. Kafka's Gregor into a beetle, it is plainly the performance of the modern self-identity lost. But they raised the question, but also that they are asking and looking, they also believe that people should have a defined identity and status, only temporarily lost it. And to the post-modern writer's pen, the impulse to ask and find absurd had already been completely drained of life, people seem to believe that the world we live in is a material world, and man is this thing in the world just a pile of debris, Because of time because of things being in different circumstances and different. Robert Grillet's that is the language itself has an attractive feature and the creation of facts, the same being in this particular situation, the language also has the function of creating the main body, so that this woman abandons his fiance, both with this strange man run away variation to achieve self-identity. Can be seen in the post-modern literature, the characters determine the identity and self-identity, has become a superfluous question, everything depending on circumstances may be, as the product of the different living conditions. Therefore, in Beckett's pen, the characters have no names, no age, no job, no life experience, no character, totally different living conditions became the symbol only.
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